Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has appeared as a promising, non-invasive therapy for various psychiatric and neurological conditions. But what exactly is TMS, and how does it work? This blog aims to provide a simple overview of TMS and its applications, benefits, and potential side effects.
What is TMS?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. Operating completely outside of the body, TMS doesn’t require anesthesia and is generally exceptionally well tolerated compared to the side effects often associated with medications and ECT.
Does TMS Work?
Simple answer – YES. Based on data provided by TMS providers, on average, 75% of individuals that undergo treatment experience meaningful relief after one treatment regiment of TMS. Impressively, 50% of individuals achieve full remission.
How Does TMS Work?
TMS involves placing a magnetic coil against the scalp. The coil generates brief magnetic pulses that pass through the skull and into the brain. These pulses induce electrical currents in the brain, which can modulate neural activity. The process is targeted, meaning specific brain regions associated with mood regulation are stimulated.
Applications of TMS
While TMS is most known for its use in treating major depressive disorder (MDD), its applications are expanding. Some of the conditions that TMS can help treat include:
- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): TMS is FDA-approved for treating depression, particularly in patients who have not responded to other treatment therapies.
- Anxiety Disorders: Research suggests that TMS can be effective in treating various anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): TMS has shown promise in alleviating symptoms of PTSD and allow individuals to cope with traumatic events more effectively.
- Neurological Conditions: Conditions like chronic pain, migraines, and even cognitive conditions may benefit from TMS therapy.
Benefits of TMS
TMS offers several advantages over traditional treatments:
- Non-Invasive: Unlike electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), TMS does not need anesthesia or induce seizures.
- Minimal Side Effects: Common side effects are usually mild and disappear after a couple treatments.
- Effective: Many patients (75-%) experience significant improvement in their symptoms after one round of TMS treatments.
- Quick Recovery: TMS sessions are relatively short, typically lasting 20 minutes, and require no downtime. Many patients successfully work TMS into their daily work schedule with minimal disruption and complete anonymity with colleagues.
The TMS Procedure
A TMS treatment course involves daily sessions over several weeks. Here is what to expect during a session:
- Preparation: The patient sits in a comfortable chair. No sedation is necessary.
- Placement: The magnetic coil is positioned on the scalp, usually near the forehead.
- Stimulation: The machine generates magnetic pulses, which the patient may feel as tapping sensations.
- Post-Treatment: Patients can return to their normal activities immediately after the session.
The Science Behind TMS
Studies have shown that TMS can lead to long-lasting changes in brain activity by re-energizing slow or inactive neural circuits in areas of the brain responsible for mood regulation. Focused electromagnetic pulses can influence and adjust the release of neurotransmitters – the chemical messenger that allows neurons to communicate with each other. Neurotransmitters like Serotonin, Dopamine and Norepinephrine are essential for mood regulation, emotions and cognitive functions. Imbalances in these monoamine neurotransmitters are linked to various mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety and PTSD. By stimulating and inhibiting targeted regions of the brain, TMS has been shown to restore the balance of brain activity and deliver relief to many that have suffered without help from treatment resistant depression.
TMS research continues, with scientists exploring new ways to optimize and expand its application. Targeted treatment protocols to slow the progression of mild cognitive impairment is one example of how we can optimize TMS to potentially provide a ‘quality of life extension” for people suffering with degenerative neurological disorders.
Potential Side Effects
While TMS is well-tolerated, some patients may experience short term side effects, including:
- Headache – easily alleviated with over-the-counter pain relievers.
- Scalp discomfort
- Lightheadedness
- Tingling or spasms in facial muscles
Severe side effects are rare but can include seizures, particularly in individuals with a history of epilepsy.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) represents a significant advancement in the treatment of depression and other mental health conditions. Its non-invasive nature, coupled with its effectiveness, makes it a valuable option for patients who have not found relief with traditional therapies. As research continues, the applications of TMS are likely to expand, offering hope to many more individuals suffering from various psychiatric and neurological disorders.
To find out if TMS may be right for you, call ReNu and schedule a free consultation.